Budget and sponsorship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Budget and sponsorship - Assignment Example Manchester United is one of the most famous world’s soccer teams. Established in 1878 in Manchester, it has found it ways to stock market in 1991. It chief source of revenue originates from sponsorship agreement that amounts to 31.4 % of the total revenue (Statista, 2015). Some of the Manchester United sponsors include ION, AIG, Chevrolet and Adidas. This is done by placing the logos of the sponsors on the sporting clothes. The second largest source of income for Manchester United is revenue obtained from broadcasting deals Manchester United signs with the Internet and cable companies as MUTV and BSkyB. The broadcasting revenue amounts to 31. 3 % of the total revenue. Thirdly, the primary source of income comes from match day revenue that amounts to 25% of the total revenue (Statista, 2015). The club expenditure mainly comes from money used to service contracts that the company has entered with the players they have signed. Besides, there is the recurrent expenditures such as payment of staffs and maintenance of the assets owned by the club (Garcia†del†Barrio & Pujol, 2009). In case of writing a proposal, the key aspects that should be included are how the sponsors will benefit from the investment they have made through sponsoring the club. Statista. (2015, June 23). Total revenue of Manchester United from 2005/06 to 2013/14 (in million euros). Retrieved from The Statistic Portal:

How dos th movi lddin rprsnt wht dwrd Sid clls orinttion Essay

How dos th movi lddin rprsnt wht dwrd Sid clls orinttion - Essay Example Unncssry to sy, th significnc of nimtd films oprts on mny rgistrs, but on of th most prsusiv is th rol thy ply s th nw "tching mchins." Disny films succd in mrging n idology of chrm nd imprssion of virtu in nrrting storis tht hlp childrn undrstnd who thy r wht socitis thy blong to nd wht tht socitis r bout. Th powr ths films possss stms from thir uniqu form f rprsnttion. Th importnc of nimtd films s sourc of nw discovris nd lrning t th sm tim is hightnd by th common cknowldgmnt tht schools nd othr public sits r incrsingly ovrwhlmd by crisis of motivtion. Th mss mdi, spcilly Disny, on th othr hnd crts drm-lik world of scurity, vn though childrn quit oftn find thmslvs in th joylss rlity of schooling. Th ductionl significnc of nimtd films mks popl mor wr of tching possibilitis of Disny movis. Mny critics trid to nswr th qustion whthr Disny's nimtd films r good for kids nd whthr thy hv n ductionl impct on young gnrtions. But, sms lik thr is no n sy nswr to this qustion. Disny's most rcnt film lddin (1992) prsnts bundnt opportunity to ddrss how Disny is rsponsibl in constructing cultur of joy for childrn. lddin is th story of so-clld "strt-rt" who knw tht h could b mor. Whn h finlly finds lmp contining gni who grnts thr wishs, it sms tht myb his drms could com tru. But n vil vizir is scrtly plotting his downfll, not to mntion tht th princss of his drms is bord with sing th sm old, stuffd-shirt, nd pcock princs. lddin hs sold ovr 3 million copis in 1993 nd hs rnd "$1 billion from box-offics incom. s commnttor in Nwswk ltly sttd, "Th mrchndis--Mrmid dolls, lddin undos, nd collctibls lik sculptur of Bmbi's Fild Mous--ccount for stunning 20 prcnt of Disny's oprting incom." Thr r mny puzzls in th movi tht childrn r supposd to b ddrssing nd solving ftr, for xmpl, in lddin th issu of socity nd uthority is cntrd primrily on th rol of th young strt trmp, lddin. Jsmin, th Princss h flls in lov with is simply n objct of his instnt longing s wll s socil stpping ston. In contrry, Jsmin's lif is lmost ntirly dfind by mn, nd, in th nd, hr hppinss is insurd by lddin who finlly is givn oky to gt mrrid with hr. Thr r mny smll things in lddin movi tht rprsnt mricn cultur, rcism which is lso rproducd through rcilly codd lngug nd ccnts. For xmpl, lddin portrys th "trribl" rbs with substntil, forign ccnts, whil Jsmin nd lddin spk stndrd nglish. nothr mzing portryl of rprsnttions nd cods in which childrn r tught tht culturl diffrncs tht do not br th imprint of whit, middl-clss thnicity r bnorml, low-grdd, brinlss. Th rcism in this nimtd movi is dfind by both th prsnc of rcist rprsnttions nd th bsnc of complx rprsnttions of fricn-mricns nd othr popl of color. Morovr, th rprsnttionl dpiction of history, progrss, nd Wstrn cultur is prfctly cpturd by dwrd Sid's notion of orintlism. Culturl diffrnc in Disny's movi lddin is prsntd through "nturlizd" rcil hirrchy. Morovr, on cn hrdly sy tht thr is somthing innocnt in wht kids lrn bout rc s portryd in th "mgicl world" of Disny. Thr r mny critics of this movi s wll s dvocts, Yousf Slm, formr spoksprson for th South By

Tata Motors Capture Increase Market Share In India Marketing Essay

Tata Motors Capture Increase Market Share In India Marketing Essay The acquisition of the two global brands- Jaguar and Land Rover acts in a crucial way to increase and develop the brand reputation and the quality of products for Tata Motors. It provides plenty of opportunity to the Indian consumer and the developing Indian automobile market can also help the launch of brands in the long-term. It can reap economies of scale through component sourcing and low cost engineering. Weakness: With different product portfolios for both brands it will be a challenging task ahead to market the same in the price sensitive Indian market. But this could be overcome through proper market research. Another concern is the diminishing image due to the continued losses and a de motivated work force due to the change in management. With right training and incentives and proper marketing strategies the company can convert these negatives to strengths. Opportunities: This launch is a great opportunity for the Indian customer and target the growing Indian market. Automobile market is developing in India and placed with launch of Nano, Tata Motors will be in a good position capture a larger share of the market. Threats: Increasing fuel prices combined with global meltdown will be a challenge for the company to stay afloat and over come the losses. In addition the strong competition can threaten the expected sales of the company. However the inherent financial and managerial strength of the conglomerate should be able to let the company withstand the challenges and move ahead. A danger that remains is that with the new ownership international brand loyalties may change and customers may move towards other models in the market. Ansoff Matrix: The Ansoff Matrix is an analytical tool that helps managers to devise their product and market growth strategies. It consists of four growth strategies namely- Market penetration, Market Development under new and existing and markets AND Product development, Diversification under new and existing products.  [2]   Ansoff Matrix- Existing product New product Existing market Market penetration This strategy mainly applies for those businesses that focus on selling existing products in the existing markets. It is a low- risk strategy and helps to increase the market share of itsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ current products.  [3]   Product development This strategy involves businesses aiming to sell new products in existing markets. This strategy is also a reason for acquiring another company as the costs of starting another company can be saved and different types of customers can be catered. This strategy is also useful for businesses using brand expansion strategies.  [4]   New market Market Development This method serves for those businesses that apply the strategy of selling existing products into newer markets.  [5]  Such techniques are used by businesses that plan to expand their business and attain higher customer base. Diversification It refers to the high risk growth strategy that involves a business marketing new products in new markets. Parent companies can benefit from having a presence in a range of products and markets in different regions of the world.  [6]   Market Penetration- Tata could continue with the same strategy that it had adopted for the UK for the rest of world. The estate, coupe and open saloon models of Jaguar and the Freelander and Range Rover sport of Land Rover selling in the existing markets UK can help them to gain profits and increase in sales in other markets due to the reputation of the brands. For the new models that are planned to launch, promoting and advertising can be a good choice for the firms to maintain their position in the market and to attract more consumers and build customer loyalty. Tata Indica and other commercial vehicles like Tata Ace are examples of Tataà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s market penetration strategy that exist in the existing markets and are still earning them great profits. Market Development Tata Motors have applied this strategy to this launch plan as they are already beginning to sell the most famous and highly appreciated products of both the brands such as the XF, XK and XJ models of Jaguar and Defender, Discovery, Range Rover Sport and Range Rover models of Land Rover in the Indian market that is completely new for both the firms. Also, while the other long and short-term plans are being strategized, these products can help the firm to have a great introduction to the market and the reviews can help the business in planning for their future types of products. Establishing popularity and brand loyalty with successful products can be a good option for the firm to begin with in India. Product Development- Tata Motors are launching the smallest car the famed Tata Nano in the Indian markets which is a new product by the firm and launched in existing markets of India and other countries where Tata Motors operate. This car can be useful for the firm as they can easily generate profits through this product as well as their brand name. Also, the firm can compete with other businesses in the same market with the help of these products. Tata Starbus and Tata Xover are other new products that have been launched by Tata Motors in India and other existing markets of Tata Motors. Diversification- The new products planned by Tata Motors through the Jaguar and Land Rover brands can be categorized in diversification. The company plans of manufacturing hybrid, electric and bio-fuels based and environmental friendly cars with the help of latest technology through both of these brands which can be useful in boosting the brand image of the firm. Also, there may be an increase in the profits of the firm as the hybrid cars are said to be the future of automobiles in order to save the earth from pollution. These new products launched in the new markets of India and others can be termed as diversified strategy of the firm. Tata Nano can also be included in this strategy as it is also a new product and is planned to be launched into new markets of African and Asian countries. Asset led marketing: Asset led marketing is a strategy that is adopted by the business for the sales of their products or services. Here, the firm uses its intangible assets for introducing a new product in the market. Tata Motors is a well-established and well-known firm and a part of the parent company Tata and Sons. Thus, in order to launch its products or services in the market and start off with immediate sales and profits, Tatas can use this which may even be applicable for launching the two automobile brands. Tata Motors have been in the news for past several months due to the launch of the worldà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢s cheapest car in India- Tata Nano manufactured by their own company. Simultaneously launching two brands can help Tatas in gaining a lot of customer attention and thus a larger customer base. The well established and elegant brands with the giant prestige of Tata Motors can help the firms in garnering huge amounts of profits and gaining control over their competitors. Evaluation : The biggest advantage of this acquisition is that the firm might see an increase in sales of the cars due to both firmsà ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ worldwide luxury brand reputation and also due to the services and quality provided by the cars. But at the same time, the number of competitors in the booming automobile market of India has increased and finding their way out to satisfy the customers with different marketing strategies can be very costly for the firm. Tata Motors can implement various strategies such as advertising and also, various schemes can be used which guarantee consumer satisfaction and can also prove to be a part of customer attraction. These strategies can prove to be useful in boosting the brand image and the sales of the company as well. Short- term problems faced by the firm may be the recovering of the costs that has been put into the acquisition and the launch of Jaguar and Land Rover cars. The high manufacturing costs of Tata Motors, Jaguar and Land Rover might prove to be another reason for the losses in the accounts of the Tata Motors. The long-term problems can be an increase in competition as the Indian automobile market is developing at a rapid rate. If the company suffers losses, then there might be the need for job redundancies, thus leading to worker de-motivation. Conclusion: To conclude, the acquisition of Jaguar and Land Rover brands may be risky due to the global slowdown but Tata Motors with its brand name and established presence in India can succeed in the long run. Tata Group, a huge multinational giant worldwide can capitalize through cross-subsidization. I think that by promoting the products and launching it along with Tata Nano will be useful as each can be a backup for the other in the future. The workforce can be motivated through good learning experience as they may have access to the technology used in manufacturing these premium cars but at the same time, if the products fail to create a mark on customers, the workers may feel insecure as job redundancies may be adopted by Tata Motors to struggle with their own financial portfolio. Bibliography- http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKTRE55R0LK20090628?pageNumber=2virtualBrandChannel=0 http://www.autoblogs.in/2009/06/tata-jaguar-land-rover-launch-india.html http://free-sms-mms.blogspot.com/2009/06/tata-jaguar-land-rover-launched-in.html http://www.zeenews.com/news542730.html http://sify.com/finance/fullstory.php?id=14790692 http://www.businessworld.in/index.php/In-The-News/Rough-Roads-Ahead.html http://business.outlookindia.com/inner.aspx?articleid=1225subcatgid=611editionid=36catgid=44 http://www.tata.in/media/reports/inside.aspx?artid=r8CuZiHSZ2o= http://money.rediff.com/companies/tata-motors-ltd/10510008/profit-and-loss http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tatamotors/profit-loss/TM03 http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tatamotors/balance-sheet/TM03 http://www.moneycontrol.com/financials/tatamotors/ratios/TM03 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tata_Motors

Falling into Oblivion :: Education Learning Schooling Papers

Falling into Oblivion Education is the knowledge or skill obtained or developed by a learning process. Education is the field of study concerned with the pedagogy of teaching and learning. The dictionary provides simple definitions of education. We are given a straightforward meaning of what education is, but according to B.F. Skinner, a renowned psychologist, "education is what survives when what has been learned has been forgotten." Ever since I was a little girl, I was constantly reminded how important education is. I went to a Catholic school, and my entire elementary education was spent with nuns, teaching out of the Bible. I soon realized, these nuns were teaching me about people who weren't "formally educated." These people never went to a structured school, like the one I felt I was being forced to attend. They never had to get up early in the morning, wear uniforms, take the bus to school, had classmates, and they were never told by different teachers what to do. Their parents taught them at home, and they just heard stories in the streets, and in the marketplace from their elders. No books existed, and I wasn't quite sure if they had anything to trace their education back to. Who, all of a sudden, decided to teach their young, and to turn that idea into a universal tradition, to keep it going for generations? I sat there and I couldn't help but wonder why these nuns were teaching me about people, whom I saw, as uneducated. I felt the entire biblical course was irrelevant. I thought I was in school to learn, so what could I possibly learn from people who didn't even know what a book was, or who probably couldn't read from a book even if they did? Who made the decision what we should learn or if we should even learn at all? Why have we stressed the importance of education historically? Education's purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one. Knowledge is first acquired from open-mindedness. As much as we might want to, we can't filter through what is being taught to us. We cant' choose the things we want to learn and claim we are educated. We can't read a book written by a black author and not know what his background is or have some knowledge and understanding of the history of his people.

To Kill a Mockingbird Chapter Notes

Macomb Is a slow, tired town with an Incredible assortment of citizens. But, all of them are typical small town personalities: the gossips, the hicks, the poor, the upper- class, the bogeyman, etc. Tactics Is a lawyer, a â€Å"satisfactory† father and supportive of his family. Gem Is the typical older brother and Scout the typical younger sister. They are best friends. Yet fight/argue plenty. 2. Dill is small for his age, with white-blond hair and has seen a lot of movies.He visits Macomb (his Aunt Rachel) every summer room now on. He is quite obsessed with the Raddled house. 3. Arthur hung out with a bad crowd and got arrested for disorderly conduct, etc. His father convinced the Judge to let him keep Arthur locked in the house instead of a state industrial school. He was never seen again for 15 years. The children now see him as a type of bogeyman. (pig. 13) 4. The Raddled house is a forbidden place – it's full of danger and unknown, which is exactly the sort of thing kids are attracted to. 5. The narration Is first person, Scout Finch, but she is much older than the character she Is describing.Therefore, the â€Å"present† Is when Scout Is older, and the plot of the novel Is the â€Å"past†. It Is a memoir. Chapter 2 1. Scout Is looking forward to school because It had been a long winter of slating In her trousers and watching the kids in the school yard. School looked fun to her. â€Å"l longed to join them. † (pig. 20) 2. Gem didn't want anything to do with Scout at school because he didn't want her to embarrass him with references to his personal life (pig. 20). This is typical for an older sibling because it is considered â€Å"cool† to hang out with your siblings at school. . Miss Caroline is good at her job as a teacher but she as a lot to learn about the small town, the school and the people of the town. Strengths – She cares about her students (ex. Walter) and she is good at what she does with lots of knowledge about teaching. Weaknesses – She doesn't understand her students and the protocol of the town yet and she Is abusive (ex. Whipping with a ruler). Chapter 3 1. California Is the cook for the Finch family and Is not related by blood but she cares a lot about Gem, Scout and Tactics. She is portrayed as a motherly figure.She also acts as a care taker for Gem and Scout, once again taking upon a motherly role. . We learn that Walter Cunningham is devoted to his traditions but forgets to follow them at times. His behavior during lunch time suggests that his home life is a struggle, as there is not always food on the table. Therefore, when Gem Invites him for lunch, he piles food on his table (he might have been hungry for a couple days. It is the Depression and not everyone is lucky enough to eat every day and Walter is one of those people). 3. Tactics treated Walter with respect as In the book it stated Walter and Tactics talked together like two men.This shows respect, c ompared to Scout, who penny criticized Walter about his eating habits, unaware of his difficult situations. 4. From Walter's visit, Scout learns about hospitality and how to treat a guest. It was not fair to Judge people. She â€Å"learned† this because California scolded her for cringingly Walter's behavior, punishing her by making her finish her lunch in the kitchen. 5. By perspective and what they are going through unless you look through their eyes, think like the person and are put into their position and situation. This is not an easy thing for Scout to learn – she is still young. 6.We learn that the Ells are very poor, eave poor hygiene, only go to school the first day of the year and have no mother. Their father breaks the law – hunting out of season – but the people allow it because they think I better than arresting him and letting his kids go hungry. Chapter 4 1 . Scout doesn't like the Dewey Decimal System. She gets the impression that she's m issing out on something she doesn't know. Also, she doesn't believe that 12 years of unrelieved boredom was exactly what Macomb has in her mind for her. 2. The children believe that Raddled house is haunted and a ghost lives there (Boo).They think the nuts on the trees in front of the Raddled house will kill you. . The children make Boob's story into a game because they are tired of their old games and they're interested/curious about Boo, his life story and the other Raddled a bit too. 4. In the Boo Raddled game, they each play a role of a family member in the Raddled house. They reenact scenes they made up or believed happened before. This is not an accurate version of what happens in the Raddled house because they've never really seen the truth. 5. The laughter from inside the Raddled house could be Boo or Nathan laughing at how ridiculous the kids are being about this situation.Chapter 5 1. Miss Maude despises the outdoors but has a nice big garden with plants she loves. Her spe ech is â€Å"crisp†, which is uncommon for a woman in Macomb. The children love her because she lets them play in her big backyard whenever they wish. 2. Miss Maude tells Scout that Boo is still alive despite the rumors Scout has heard about him being dead. However, Miss Maude says that if he were dead, they would have seen them take him out. 3. Dill may have told these lies because it seems that his parents aren't there for him.He never gets the opportunity to feel special and telling tales about seeing an elephant or going on an airplane would make him eel special. 4. Tactics wants the children not to play the Boo Raddled game because what Mr†¦ Raddled did was his own business and he has the right to stay inside. He says the kids would not like it if someone was invading into their privacy and they were no longer to go to that house again unless they were invited. Tactics is right as it is disrespectful to be bothering someone like that and the kids don't know how dang erous Boo might be. Chapter 6 1 .Scout disapproves of Dill and Gem's plan because she is scared of the Raddled house because of the rumors she has heard. Moreover, Tactics asked the kids to leave the Raddled alone and she obeys her father. 2. Mr†¦ Nathan Raddled was not aware who the intruder in his garden was. Ms. Stephanie believes it was a black man because nobody else would be out at a time like this (very late night). 3. Dill almost lands in trouble because Miss Rachel overheard him saying he was playing strip poker and won Gem's pants. Strip poker was not something played by the common educated man and was not morale. Chapter 7 1 .Gem told Scout that when he went back to get his pants back off the fence from the Raddled house, they were roughly stitched up, folded up and waiting for him on the once. 2. Gem is starting to understand Boo more now because he thinks it is Boo that fixed his pants. This is making him realize that Boo is really not a bad person! 3. Gem Raddled house and now wants to keep everything they find. Some things they found were chewing gum, pencils and a pocket watch. 4. Gem and Scout wanted to write a letter; thanking whoever was leaving them the presents in the knothole (we are assuming it is Boo).However, they were prevented from doing this because it was filled with cement. Nathan Raddled filled it with cement because he wanted this communication to stop. He was taking away Boob's only communication with the kids! He also didn't want them to leave the letter and when the kids asked why he filled it, Mr†¦ Nathan made the excuse that the tree was sick. Chapter 8 1 . Scout wants to know if Tactics saw Boo Raddled, as she is curious to know more about him. Tactics sternly replies with a short answer, merely saying he didn't see him. 2. The near libel Gem puts in the front yard is a snow made replica of Mr†¦ Avery.Tactics was very surprised Gem got the Job done and said he had done an amazing job and it looked Just like Mr†¦ Avery. He was very impressed however told Gem that he ad to disguise it, as it may be disrespectful to Mr†¦ Avery. Miss Maude is impressed as well, since she is grinning but is Just fussing about it negatively (according to Tactics – pig. 90). 3. Tactics saved Miss Muddies rocking chair because it was the thing that she valued most (Pig. 93) 4. Scout has no idea how the blanket got there, but Gem realizes it must have been Boo Raddled that put it there since the kids were standing in front of the Raddled house. . I think Tactics means that Gem should not get his hopes up. Just because Boo came out and they didn't notice, doesn't mean they will actually get the chance to meet him. They should stop interfering in Boob's personal life as it was none of their business. Gem may do as his father says now because he has realized that Boo is not the monster that they thought; he is actually a sympathetic, kind man who has Just gone through some tough times. This helps Gem's curiosity fade away and shows him more about Boob's personality, making him realize he's Just like any other human being.Chapter 9 1 . Tactics believes that Tom Robinson is not guilty and therefore he is doing the right thing by defending him. He wants to take upon this case on to the best of his ability. However, it is not usual for a white man to defend a black because almost everyone in Macomb was racist. 2. Gem and Scout love Christmas time but they would rather spend it at home with their dad than with their Uncle Jimmy and Aunt Alexandra. Also, Scout does not like her cousin, Francis, because they don't have similar interests and she is calling Tactics a â€Å"Niger lover†, which is seen as a bad thing.He is taunting Scout about her father. 3. When Uncle Jack tells Scout she is growing out of her pants, he means she is acting too mature for her age and is not old enough to understand he difficult concepts of life, therefore should not act like she does, especially the ones affecting Attic's life. He is telling Scout that she is getting more aware of world concepts that she may be too young for. Also, she is too young for swearing and the like. 4. We learn that the unpleasant feature of Aunt Alexandra is her negative attitude towards Dill.We learn that she looks down upon Dill and refers to him as a stray dog because of his family problems. She has also been saying some unpleasant things about Tactics in regards to the court case. Aunt Alexandra seems to be a very critical and Judgmental person. . From overhearing Uncle Jack and Attic's conversation, Scout heard Uncle Jack telling Tactics he doesn't want to have kids of some hard times coming her way for the next year because of the issues involving the court. The town is prejudice and therefore Scout may have to hear some unpleasant things going around about her father taking upon the case.This also implies that Tactics knows that people are condemning him for taking the case. 6. The final s entence of this chapter is important because it tells us that Tactics wanted the kids to hear what he was saying (ask him what happened rather than believing moors). Chapter 10 1 . When Scout says that â€Å"Tactics was feeble†, I believe this is her opinion as the events are happening in her childhood, but by the end of the chapter she doesn't believe this anymore because she learns about her father's amazing aim and that he has a mysterious past. . Tactics says â€Å"it's a sin to kill a mockingbird† but Miss Maude is the one who explains why – it is a sin because the birds do not cause any harm to anyone and Just make music. 3. Heck Tate didn't want to be the one to shoot the dog (Tim Johnson) because he doesn't have a good aim and he knows he would have robbery hit the Raddled house instead, which could cause a big problem. 4. Tactics cuts off Tate as he is speaking to Gem because he was about to reveal something about Attic's past that he does not want his kids to know. 5.Gem believes they shouldn't tell anyone at school about Attic's shooting abilities but Scout thinks they should (she wants to brag about her father to everyone at school). I agree with Gem because there was probably a reason Tactics didn't tell them about how well he can shoot and did not want it to be something public. Gem seems to respect and understand his dad's point of view. Chapter 11 . Tactics tells Gem to â€Å"hold your head high and be a gentleman† when Mrs†¦ Dubos is taunting him about his father. He tells Gem to let anything she says or does to make him mad because she's old and sick.He says to Just be respectful towards her. 2. Mrs†¦ Dubos tells Gem and Scout that their mother was a lovely woman and there was no woman lovelier than her. She wished their father had remarried though – when she said this, Gem was furious and it made him mad. 3. Mrs†¦ Dubos asked Gem to read to her every afternoon after school and on Saturdays, f or two hours, for a month as a punishment for his â€Å"crime†. It was a fair punishment but it wasn't fair that he had to do it for so long. 4. Tactics thinks insults like â€Å"Niger lover† don't mean anything to him.He Just thinks people happen to say them in their everyday language when the want to label someone. I do not agree with him because that are saying it on purpose and it is disrespectful and rude. 5. Tactics though Mrs†¦ Dubos was a great lady because she was full of courage and bravery. She was a morphine addict but decided to become clean before she died and she fulfilled this promise to herself. He said she died free. 6. When Tactics says Mrs†¦ Dubos is a model of real courage rather than a man with a gun in his hand, I think he is right. He means that it takes real courage to die sober.He explains to Gem and Scout that a man with a gun isn't real courage, it's Just physical bravery. Real courage is doing what's right, no matter the circumsta nces, which is what Mrs†¦ Dubos did. 7. I think Harper Lee chooses to end the first part of the book after chapter eleven because it is a turning point in Scout's childhood. Scout has left Boo Raddled behind, which was a major theme in part 1. Part 2 seems like it will start a new theme, or a new part in Scout's Essen, so it seems like he perfect way to end the first part. Chapter 12 1 . Scout and Gem's visit to the First Purchase Church (Scaloppini's church) went well.They were welcomed by everybody except Lull, who is explained as a trouble maker. They both don't understand some of the things that this church does like not having a book of hymns to sing from, but all this later get explained to them from California. 2. Scout learns many new things about black people that she was unaware of and these were quite surprising to her. She learned that blacks are as educated as they are. She learns this when she asks California why they don't have hymn books and California explains that it is because most of the black people don't know how to read. 3.Gazebo is Scaloppini's eldest son and Scout learns that when Gazebo was younger, there wasn't a school for him to attend since he was black. Since there was no school for him, California taught him by making him read a page of the Bible everyday as well as reading the â€Å"Blackstone Commentaries† (a book gifted to her by Gem and Scout's grandfather). 4. California speaks differently at the Finch house compared to her friends at church because she says it is not right for a black woman o talk like a white person. She wants to be lady like and not show off to people because it aggravates them.Chapter 13 1 . Aunt Alexandra moves in with the Finch family for a while because she thinks it is good for Scout to have a feminine influence and thinks she should be there for her as she will be interested in boys and clothes soon. 2. The first couple things Aunt Alexandra says when she comes to the Finch household ar e typical of her – â€Å"Put my bag in the room California. Jean Louise, stop scratching your head. † She is racist, bossy and strict about acting proper. It is evident she is racist because she remarks bout Tactics defending a black man, saying it will ruin the family's reputation.Moreover, Francis learned taunts like â€Å"Niger lover† from Aunt Alexandra. She is also bossy because she is always scolding Scout and telling her she must act more lady- like and demands that Tactics needs to stop letting the kids run about. 3. Aunt Alexandra thinks Scout is dull because she does not share much with Aunt Alexandra as she does not feel they are close enough and they do not share the same ideas. 4. The people on Gem and Scout's street gave Aunt Alexandra a very warm welcome. She got along well with the neighbors. Miss Maude baked a Lane cake, Miss Stephanie came over, Miss Rachel invited her for coffee and even Mr†¦Nathan Raddled came to greet her! Aunt Alexandr a became secretary of the Macomb Amanuensis Club. She also had the Macomb ladies over for tea. 5. Aunt Alexandra thinks the Finches are made of many generations of â€Å"gentle breeding† (said by Tactics); they are an old family of originals of Macomb. Aunt Alexandra thinks the kids need to act more like ladies and gentlemen to show how worthy one of Macomb's oldest families are and to carry the honor of being a Finch. This shows that Aunt Alexandra thinks of the Finches are better than most families in Macomb.Tactics however told the kids not to worry about this and he does not want them to think about how they are supposed to act (they are Just children). I agree with Tactics because it should not be necessary to act or live a certain way Just based on which family you come from. Chapter 14 1 . Attic's explanation of rape was very unsuitable for Scout because it was beyond her understanding. He said the rape was â€Å"carnal knowledge of a female by force and up when I ask ed her what it was? † This shows that Scout does not understand what her father is saying. 2.Aunt Alexandra wants to dismiss California because she thinks that she can replace California now that she has moved in with them. She thinks California hasn't make Scout into a lady and that now she can take upon the motherly role in the house as well as take upon the Job of cooking for the family. Tactics does not agree with anything she says. He says â€Å"l don't think the children have suffered one bit from her having brought them up. † He says that without California, they wouldn't be able to get through many situations, as she is part of the family. Moreover, he does not wasn't Alexandra working hard (cooking). Scout doesn't like that Gem has been acting more mature lately and involving himself in adult situations. Him fighting her back showed that he is still childish, which cheers Scout up a bit. When he tells Tactics about Dill however, she is very disappointed. She fe els as if he had broken their â€Å"childhood code†. Also, she thinks that Tactics may get mad at Dill and make him go back home. 4. From Dill's account of his running away, we learn that he prefers to run off to Macomb where he doesn't have anyone except Gem and Scout, rather than being with parents that don't pay attention to him.We also learn that he lies about most of the things that he says. This may be because it makes him feel special to get that attention. Chapter 15 1 . The â€Å"nightmare† that descends upon the children is the intense racism that threatens to harm not only their father, but even them – the reality of what their father's involved in is now apparent. 2. The UK Klux Klan was an organization of men developed on promoting and enforcing racist and intolerant ideals. Although the group has evolved over time, they are most notably identified by the wearing of sheets and robes to hide their identities (gangsters).I feel Attic's description of the ASK really downplays the dangerous nature of the ASK, which he probably deliberately does so as not to alarm Gem. 3. Gem refuses to go home when Tactics tells him to because he realizes that his father is outnumbered and facing physical harm. This reinforces the courage of Gem. 4. Scout's innocent attempt at striking up polite conversation with Walter Cunningham father seems to remind the men of who they are individually, and not as a mob and perhaps makes them ashamed of what they're doing to Tactics and his children.This persuades the lynching party to give up their attempt on Tom's life. . This chapter really highlights how the innocence of youth is able to affect this corrupt gang – it reminds us that this is a story about a youngster whose innocence will be challenged with growing up. Scout is learning what we all learn: people aren't always as they seem, bad things can happen in good little towns and people don't always share the same beliefs, nor are they tolerant of others' beliefs. Chapter 16 1 . Scout notices that Tactics is starting to become annoyed and impatient with Aunt Alexandra. L was beginning to notice a subtle change in my father these days, which came out when he talked with Aunt Alexandra. It was a quiet digging in, never outright irritation. † 2. Mr†¦ Dollops Raymond is a wealthy white man who lives with his black wife and they have mulatto kids. He also sits with and enjoys being around blacks instead of whites. He isn't racist and doesn't think of the blacks as lower class people. He is also a drunkard. 3. Reverend Sykes takes the children to the balcony a kind gesture of the reverend because he doesn't know the kids were instructed not to come.If he knew they shouldn't have been there, then he should not have helped them to get in the courthouse and watch the trial. 4. Judge Taylor is and informal edge and often puts his feet up and naps during trials. He likes to clean his fingernails with a pocketknife. He is i ntelligent and knows a lot about the law even though it seems like he takes his Job casually. He keeps a firm grasp that comes before him. He also has an interesting habit of permitting smoking in his courtroom. The trial hasn't officially started but I think he will take this trial seriously. Chapter 17 1 .Heck Taste's evidence – Heck informs everyone that no one had called for a doctor, Bob Lowell was the one who called him and he say Amylase's wounds (around her neck, on her arms and her right eye is black). With Hack's statements, Tactics shows that there was no physical evidence of a rape since a doctor was not called. 2. In this chapter, we learn a lot about the Lowell family and their home life. They are on welfare, there are a lot of kids but no longer have a mother and they live in extreme poverty – behind the dump and close to the blacks. Also there is someone planting flowers there (we can infer it is Male). . From Bob Else's evidence, we learn that he heard his daughter screaming and saw Tom inside the house from the window. Bob said Tom was gone by the time he got on and then he hurried to go get Heck Tate. 4. Tactics wants Bob to write out his name to see if he is left handed or not. Since Male has a black eye on the right eye, it is most likely the person who hurt her was left handed and the Jury saw that Bob was left handed. This portrays Bob as the villain and we can infer that it might have been Bob that hurt Male. Chapter 18 1 . Male is different from her father.She cares more about her appearance as she tries to stay clean, as opposed to her father who looked like he bathed yearly. Also, she is more sensitive (she cries in the courtroom), whereas Bob Lowell seems to take everything as a Joke. . Male may have been crying in the courtroom to make people feel sorry for her when she was reminiscing about what happened to her. It added a â€Å"dramatic effect† to her story and made the Jury feel sorry for her. She played the role of â€Å"poor little white girl†. 3. Male does not react well to Attic's attempts at being polite.She thinks that Tactics is mocking her when he calls her Ma'am and Miss Male. This shows that she is not used to people treating her kindly or being polite towards her as she thinks it is a Joke when someone does. This could show that her home life isn't that great. 4. Mr†¦ Gilder does not prove Tom's guilt that well. He Just asks Male her side of the story and that's it. In the eyes of the Jury however, he may be more convincing. This is because the whole town is racist and prejudice against Tom already. Therefore they would be more likely to support Male (innocent little white girl) opposed to a black man.Chapter 19 1 . Tom visited the Lowell house because Male wanted Tom to bust up a chiffonier for her. 2. Scout thinks that Male is the loneliest person in the world because in the trial it is revealed to us that Male does not have any friends. 3. Male does not have a very good relationship with her father. At the trial we find out that he is a drunkard and we can infer he may even be abusive. 4. Dill started crying during this part of the trial because he knew that Tom wasn't being treated fairly and that Mr†¦ Not mature enough to understand the meaning of things such as racism.Chapter 20 1. Mr†¦ Dollops Raymond is not an evil man. He acts like he is always drunk to protect himself from people knowing that he likes black people. He understands how they feel when being discriminated and believes that they are the exact same as everyone else. . Mr†¦ Raymond hides Coca-Cola in a paper bag so people think that it is alcohol. He wants an excuse for acting the way he does and for liking black people. Mr†¦ Raymond wants people to Judge his actions (which he believes are right) not by his personality, but to blame it on his â€Å"drinking problem†. . Tactics thinks Male is in the wrong because she tried to cheat a black man a nd make up a story to get him punished (even though this is common). Tactics says that Male knew she lied and â€Å"put evidence of her offense away from her. † â€Å"She knew full well the enormity of her offense. † (pig. 272) 4. Tactics feels that all people should be treated equally, no matter their age, race or gender. In the trial, he is trying to express this by telling the Jury that what Male did was wrong because she was trying to get a black man in trouble.He says muff should have never come to the trial. This case is as simple as black and white. † Mr†¦ Raymond also talks about Tactics as being a good person and sharing the same views as him. Chapter 21 1 . Gem expects the verdict to be Tom Robinson declared innocent. Tactics does not share Gem's confidence because he realizes how difficult it can be to change meson's mind when they have their mind set on something and unwilling to change their view, especially when a black man is involved. 2. One would expect the jury to be fairly quick to reach a verdict about this case.Most would believe any trial involving a black man would be over quickly, since they believe that the black person will always be guilty. The fact that it took the Jury so long to make a decision indicated that at least a few of them believed that Tom Robinson was innocent. I believe the verdict wasn't predictable. Although history indicates that Tom Robinson will be found guilty, you still want to believe otherwise. . While waiting to hear the verdict, Scout think back to the incident regarding the mad dog, which reminds us of one of the novel's central themes, which is courage.She remembers this event because in both that incident, as well as the trial, she witnessed true acts of courage, both performed by her father. Tactics had the courage to do what was right and put down Tim Johnson for the best of the people of Macomb. Then, during the trial, Tactics did everything within his power to defend a black p erson, even though it put almost every person in Macomb against him, it was the right thing to do. Chapter 22 1 Aunt Alexandra thinks the children shouldn't have been allowed to go to the trial, but Tactics Justifies them by saying, â€Å"This is their home, sister†¦ Hey might as well learn to cope with it. † (pig. 285) Although Tactics did not want the kids in court, he believes that the children must be exposed to the harsh realities of Macomb and they have to learn to cope with this. 2 Miss Maude tells Gem that things are never as bad as they seem because it is important to look beyond all of the bad results and see the good side of people and situations. She tells him that good people helped in his trial – Tactics, Judge Taylor and Macomb's black community all stood behind Tom, supporting him through everything.See the glass half full. 3 Dill says that he wants to be a clown when he grows up because he wants to laugh at people all the them. However, Dill repli es saying, â€Å"Well I'm goanna be a new kind of clown. I'm goanna stand in the middle of the ring and laugh at the folks. † (pig. 290) I don't think Dill will keep this ambition for long because he seems to change his mind a lot and tell stories all the time. 4 Attitudes towards racism have changed for the better since the ass's and ass's. Although, racism is still an issue in some modern societies, the severity is much less. Bob Lowell is angry with Tactics because he made him look bad in front of the entire town, ruining his reputation. I think this threat might be a real one but I don't think he will kill Tactics, instead get him back in another way. Chapter 23 1 . When Tactics paid no heed to Bob Else's threat, it was the right reaction. Bob was just trying to aggravate Tactics and get under his skin but instead Tactics reacted the opposite of what Bob wanted, staying calm. 2. Circumstantial evidence is evidence hat is based only if another circumstance is correct. This usually isn't enough or valid proof.This has to do with Tom's conviction because it was based on Heck Taste's circumstantial proof (which was only based on Male and Bob's word). 3. Tactics tells Scout it took the Jury so long to convict Tom because not everyone in the Jury was against Tom and people were really starting to think for themselves, looking at the facts, rather than Just the color of his skin. 4. Social classes are not good for society as they create discrimination. Everyone should be treated equally and it is not air to say one family is better than another. You should not Just mix with the people in the same class as you, but instead treat everyone equally. . Gem thinks the reason Boo Raddled hasn't left his house in so long is because he does not want to. He does not want to be a part of a society that is prejudice and Judgmental. I agree with Gem because Boo comes out when he wants to (ex. Putting the blanket on Scout during the fire) however, he Just wants to do ni ce things for people, no matter who they are and that is why he expects others to be the same and treat everyone fairly and equally. Chapter 24 1 . I don't think that the missionary ladies were sincere when talking about the Mourns because they Just needed something to talk about that was related to religion. . When Scout said that her britches were under her dress, the other ladies all laughed at Scout but Miss Muddies reaction was very serious and she did not laugh. Scout said it was because Miss Maude never laughed at her unless she meant to be funny. 3. The Macomb ladies as depicted in this chapter are very devoted to God, however the majority of them are very prejudice and discriminatory. They have tropically female roles (wearing dresses and gossiping) and are Just like most of the other people in Macomb (hating blacks and going to church. 4. Tom was killed while he was trying to escape from the prison.He charged at the fence and tried to climb it during their exercise period. He was shot 17 times! Attic's explanation is that Tom was probably tired of white men taking chances for him, so he decided to take one of his own. I agree with Tactics because during this whole trial, Tom's life was in the hands of white men and he saw an opportunity to finally take it into his own hands and so he took the chance. . In this chapter, we see Aunt Alexandra in a new light because we see her more sensitive side by showing that she only wants brother, and I Just want to know when this will ever end. † (pig. 236).Miss Maude supports Alexandra when the missionary circle is insulting Tactics and she sticks up for him by reminding the women that they are in Attic's house eating his food so they need to be respectful. Chapter 25 1 . When Macomb hears about tom's death, Macomb gossips for about two days and they act as if Justice has been served. This shows how willing Macomb is to simply excuse the death of a black man. 2. Tom's death was considered typical because he ran away and was shot. The death of black people in that time period happened regularly. People responded with â€Å"Niger always comes out in ‘me. 3. Scout sees that the court Our) in Macomb was giving in Just because of the fact that Tom was black. They said he we guilty despite all the evidence that proved otherwise. The town was not ready to change their view on black people, but in their hearts, they knew the truth. 4. Gem wanted to protect his family and he was doing what Tactics would have done in the situation – acting like Bob's comment had never been made in the first place. I think this was a very wise thing to do because Tactics really didn't need to know Bob Else's comment (he was trying to provoke them). Chapter 26 1 .When Miss Gates says American people don't believe in persecuting anyone, it seems off because it is not true. People are persecuted in America based on prejudice verdicts in this book as well as persecuted in general in the States. This st atement is off because she is lying by saying that there is no persecution. 2. Scout is puzzled by Miss Gate's disapproval of Hitler because she doesn't understand why Miss Gates hates him and why she is talking about all these awful things he did. She is also confused because she doesn't know why everyone seems to hate Hitler and she is upset that Miss Gates is talking badly about him and his past doings.Tactics taught them that it is not right to hate anybody. 3. Scouts question: â€Å"How can you hate Hitler an' then turn around and be ugly to folks right at home? † upsets Gem because when she asks him this, it may have reminded him of how Tom Robinson was treated due to his race. People did not believe his story and therefore he was found guilty in court, persecuting him because of his race. There isn't really an answer to this question because it is all based on the type of person you are as well as your beliefs. ‘ Chapter 27 1 .Aunt Alexandra is alarmed by Bob's b ehavior after the trial. Firstly, he threatened Helen Robinson (Tom's wife) by following her, throwing things at her and calling her names. He also tried to break into Judge Tailor's house and lastly, he threatened Tactics that he would get even with him. 2. Tactics thinks Bob is holding a grudge against people who were involved in the trial and sees them as his enemies. This is because Bob felt as if though these people ruined his reputation and made him look ad in front of most of Macomb. . The Halloween pageant took place in an attempt to keep the children off the street on Halloween night. Chapter 28 1. This chapter reminds me of earlier events in the novel like when Bob Lowell threatened Tactics after the trial. We know Bob isn't a good man because of what his daughter reveals during the trial (a drunk, abusive, etc. ). This chapter begins with descriptions of the Raddled house, which reminds us of the Boo Raddled game and the events involving Boo, to bring back our feelings ab out him before other events occur.

How Are Dreams Proved to Be Futile in of Mice and Men Essay

Dreams in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is influenced under the poem â€Å"To A Mouse† by Robert Burns and the relationship between the poem and the novel is seen through the build-up to the characters hopes and dreams at the time of the great inflation and how they struggled to keep up with their ambitions. The context in both texts clearly portrays the death of the future plans the working class keep to at that time and the writers do this to illustrate the chances of normal people succeeding and how being born into a hierarchy means that you’re destined to a class in society. In Of Mice and Men, Lennie is introduced with a â€Å"shapeless face† and animal imagery is used to signify his strength, â€Å"bear drags his paws†, this portrayal of Lennie sets him apart from George in the hierarchy. As the story develops the readers understanding of George’s and Lennie’s relationship does to, the reader realises that the theme that keeps both the key protagonists motivated is the dream. This is further developed when Steinbeck introduces the dream for the first time, â€Å"I remember about the rabbits, George†, it is clear to the readers that Lennie is academically weak and in order for him to remember about the dream indicated how much it means to him and it’s possibly the thing that matters to him most. However early in the novel Steinbeck uses animal imagery to foreshadow the death of Lennie and the death of the dream, â€Å"shoot you for a coyote†, the author highlights his vulnerability and his death in the future to suggest that his weakness academically is what possibly lead him to his death. In the beginning of the novel George gets into a quarrel with Lennie about ketchup, â€Å"we ain’t got any†, during George’s rant he clearly emphasizes on what he sees as the American dream in comparison to what they both see. George leads on to imply that Lenny is a road block to his dream and this is partially true as it is what Lennie did towards the end of the novel that killed the chances of the dream. George’s dream can be considered as a typical working class dream as it isn’t very promising and has no future outlook. The death of the dream in Of Mice and Men seems to be blames on a certain individual, the death of George and Lennie’s dream is blamed on Lennie and later in the novel we learn that the death of Curley’s wife’s is because of her â€Å"ol lady†. In the novel Curley’s wife is portrayed as a social outcast alongside the â€Å"nigga† but this time because of her gender as they lived in a sexist society. However beneath her make up her interior reveals her dreams and how they were crushed as well, the reader also finds out that her sexual weapon is to grab the attention of the ranch workers as no one gave her the recognition she wanted. Curley’s wife’s dream is fully revealed towards the end of the novel with her explain it to Lennie, she clearly illustrates her very independent dream however it is also clear that she is very dependent on men when it comes to making the dream a reality. This maybe the reason why her dream was locked away and only brought out when she needed it to emotionally look back at it; considering that she lived in a men’s society it means that women are held back from what they wanted to do and were expected become a housewife. This is the main road block that Curley’s wife comes across making her dream futile. Throughout the novel the reader realises that the characters that we’re too eager for their dream (Lennie and Curley’s wife) reaches their destiny, quite dramatically, with their death. It seems that both characters had something in common – lack of power, the protagonists had a lack of power meaning that they were vulnerable to society however Curley’s wife attempted to cover it by putting on a lot of makeup but it is clear that your weakness will eventually go against you. Furthermore both characters dream was clearly futile from the beginning of the novel as both characters seemed to depend on another person in order for their dreams to succeed. In Lennie’s case it was George and Curley’s wife needed a man. Steinbeck reinforces the themes of Power and powerlessness with links to the dream to suggest that there is some sort of bond with making the dream and having the power to make it. This portrayal in Of Mice and Men illustrated not only the fact that succeeding during the Great Depression was very limited but the fact that without power or status, which both characters lacked in, the chances of making the dream was nil.

The American Red Cross strateg essays

The American Red Cross strateg essays I will be using the American Red Cross. The American Red Cross, founded in 1881 by Clara Barton, is an independent organization supported by the American people through donations of time, money, and blood. Approximately 1.2 million people volunteer for the Red Cross, which makes up 90% of their work force.1 The American Red Cross is also non-profit organization that is committed to saving lives and easing suffering. This diverse organization serves humanity and helps people by providing relief to victims of disaster, both locally and globally. The Red Cross gives health and safety training to the public and provides emergency social services to the U.S. Military members and their families. The American Red Cross has been saving lives by providing health and safety education classes. Red Cross training ranges from First Aid, CPR from HIV/AIDS education to care giving programs like Babysitters. The American Red Cross is structured in a unique way. There is the National Red Cross and then there are local chapters that are independent to a certain degree. It is setup like a franchise business, in that a local chapter must obey the overall rules of the company, yet have some discretion on how to operate, which include raising it own operating cash. The local chapter must raise it own funds and from that send in a set amount to the national office. Each chapter is run by it own Board of Directors, which is made up of local community leaders. I will be using the Prince William Chapter of the American Red Cross, which has been serving the local area for the past 85 years. They offer 24-hour disaster relief, armed forces emergency services for members of the military and their loved ones, international tracing services and health safety courses. The chapter has a staff of five-paid employee that over see the daily operations, and over a 100 volunteers who help sever the community. ...

The History of the Valentines Day Origins

The History of the Valentines Day Origins St Valentines Day has roots in several different legends that have found their way to us through the ages. One of the earliest popular symbols of Valentines day is Cupid, the Roman god of love, who is represented by the image of a young boy with bow and arrow. Several theories surround the history of Valentines Day. Was There a Real Valentine? Three hundred years after the death of Jesus Christ, the Roman emperors still demanded that everyone believe in the Roman gods. Valentine, a Christian priest, had been thrown in prison for his teachings. On February 14, Valentine was beheaded, not only because he was a Christian, but also because he had performed a miracle. He supposedly cured the jailers daughter of her blindness. The night before he was executed, he wrote the jailers daughter a farewell letter, signing it From Your Valentine. Another legend tells us that this same Valentine, well-loved by all, received notes to his jail cell from children and friends who missed him. Bishop Valentine? Another Valentine was an Italian bishop who lived at about the same time, AD 200. He was imprisoned because he secretly married couples, contrary to the laws of the Roman emperor. Some legends say he was burned at the stake. Feast of Lupercalia The ancient Romans celebrated the feast of Lupercalia, a spring festival, on the 15th of February, held in honor of a goddess. Young men randomly chose the name of a young girl to escort to the festivities. With the introduction of Christianity, the holiday moved to the 14th of February. The Christians had come to celebrate February 14 as the saint day that celebrated the several early Christian martyrs named Valentine. Choosing a Sweetheart on Valentines Day The custom of choosing a sweetheart on this date spread through Europe in the Middle Ages, and then to the early American colonies. Throughout the ages, people also believed that birds picked their mates on February 14! In A.D. 496, Saint Pope Gelasius I declared February 14 as Valentines Day. Although its not an official holiday, most Americans observe this day. Whatever the odd mixture of origins, St. Valentines Day is now a day for sweethearts. It is the day that you show your friend or loved one that you care. You can send candy to someone you think is special and share a special song with them. Or you can send roses, the flower of love. Â  Most people send valentine a greeting card named after the notes that St. Valentine received in jail. Greeting Cards Probably the first greeting cards, handmade valentines, appeared in the 16th century. As early as 1800, companies began mass-producing cards. Initially, these cards were hand-colored by factory workers. By the early 20th century even fancy lace and ribbon strewn cards were created by machine.

Quand on Parle du Loup French Proverb Meaning

Quand on Parle du Loup French Proverb Meaning Expression: Quand on parle du loup (on en voit la queue) Pronunciation: [ka(n) to(n) parl du loo] Meaning: Speak of the devil (and he appears) Literal translation: When you talk about the wolf (you see its tail) Register: normal Notes The French proverb quand on parle du loup is used just like the English speak of the devil, when you are talking about someone who arrives right then or shortly after. Its interesting that in both expressions, the talked-about person is referred to as mean or evil- the devil is worse than a wolf, of course, but the latter is still considered a savage animal. Its also intriguing that in English, the devil appears completely, so to speak, while in French you only see the loups tail. Somehow the latter seems more ominous as if its sneaking up on you. Example Je pense que Benoà ®t est un vrai... tiens, Benoà ®t  ! Quand on parle du loup  ! I think Benoà ®t is a real... hey, Benoà ®t! Speak of the devil!

Case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 38

Case Study Example More importantly, companies adopt distinct financial strategies depending on the status of the company (Fischer, Taylor and Cheng 34). Publicly-listed and private companies have different mode of operations, particularly on the decision-making mechanism. Since its establishment in 1976, Apple Inc. has grown tremendously. Currently, the company has a presence in more than fourteen countries. Retail stores for Apple products in these countries numbers at 394. The company is publicly listed and is valued at about 414 billion dollars, making it the second biggest corporation in the trade in terms of market capitalization. The Forbes magazine recognized Apple in 2008 as being one of the most admired cooperation in the US. In 2013, the corporation was listed among the best ten corporations of the fortune 500 list of companies. These recognitions have helped the corporation to increase the sales of its major product, the iPhone. Apple Inc can invest in securities in order to raise money for their financial obligations. Securities are held by firms and later sold for a short-term earnings. The trading securities are normally accounted at the fair market value where gains and losses are reported on the income statements. Such securities are not met by maintaining the gains or losses on the income statement. Further, the counter account on the balance sheet is the stipend for the accustomed short-term savings to the market. The accounting for ‘available-for-sale securities’ is largely similar to the accounting in the trading securities (Fischer, Taylor and Cheng 28). Nonetheless, there exists a difference regarding the recognition of the changes in the value. The changes in value for the trading securities are posted on the operating income. The ‘available for sale’ securities are posted in the special account that is regarded as ‘†unrealized gain/loss in other comprehensi ve income†.

Company E-Business Comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Company E-Business Comparison - Research Paper Example E-procurement refers to the business activities that employ the internet. This process requires the utilization of electronic applications. Effective e-procurement systems link companies with their business partners. The most significant link is to suppliers and hence fosters possible negotiations on costs and takes care of any issues arising from transactions. An effective e-procurement system should be able to evaluate prices and result in an optimum output from the supplier (Chorafas, 2001). Company B will benefit from the application of this procurement process as it ensures organization of data for the company thus data required can be easily retrieved. This simplifies the process of coming up with decisions for the company. In addition, these processes occur as prepared copies that are filled in a similar way hence ensuring uniformity of data collection within the company. In addition, the uniformity plays a crucial role in monitoring and keeping track of business transactions. Effective application of this model will also help to avoid the cost of inventory for company B (Chorafas, 2001).   On the contrary, there are various challenges that Company B will experience. It requires the input of time, manpower and money to implement effectively and hence a deficiency of either of these parameters will lead to a collapse of Company B. Moreover, the results may manifest after a long time and hence patient should be observed by company B so as to realize the input of the resources utilized and this can be frustrating (Chorafas, 2001).  ... In overall, implementation of this process will make company B more competitive as it gives it a cutting edge above company A as it attracts a bigger share of the market (Chorafas, 2001). Though the implementation of this process is of benefit, there are a variety of challenges that it possesses. To begin with, this process requires the input of professionals so as to execute efficiently. Moreover, the development of complex networks may impair the proper functioning of the system since some may be neglected and render the whole system ineffective. Therefore, the functioning of an effective customer relation management system is advantageous. However, it should be operated by skilled personnel for effectiveness (Chorafas, 2001). Sell Chain Management Sell chain management refers to the processes involved in ensuring secure and timely delivery of products to the client. It promotes flexibility in the production process and leads to outsourcing of products and services. This means that there is delegation of managerial responsibilities during service delivery and, hence multiple companies are involved in the process of product delivery to the customer (Zigiaris, 2000). The implementation of effective sell chain management systems within a company is crucial so as to compete effectively with the concept of a diverse market following globalisation. Company B, which employs the sell chain management process will benefit by reaching a larger and diverse market while sharing managerial responsibilities with the other players within the network. This will foster efficiency within each player and hence the overall output from Company B will be better than company A due to the effect of specialisation employed (Zigiaris, 2000).

Loyalty Programmes Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Loyalty Programmes - Assignment Example This dissertation aims to understand how loyalty programmes are designed and if they have been of value to the hotel and restaurant business. It is also acknowledged that the idea of "gift coupons" and "rewards" is losing its meaning in the mind of consumers because it has become such a common offering. Therefore, whether a loyalty programmes continues to really help business in driving its profits remains to be examined and will be the focus of this dissertation. The aim of this dissertation is to find out whether the implementation of loyalty programmes succeed or fail in the hotel and restaurant business and identify ways to design loyalty programmes that will succeed. It is said that 80% of sales is derived through 20% of customers (Lake, 2006). This has led to a plethora of customer-focused programmes created with the help of customer relationship management tools, to increase company profitability (Brown, 2000; Kalakota and Robinson, 1999; Peppers and Rogers, 1997). Such initiatives, aim to achieve customer retention through the use of loyalty programmes. The motive behind loyalty programmes is to establish customer loyalty by rewarding a certain frequency of repeat purchase by customers. As pointed by Uncles et al (2002): "Loyalty programs are schemes offering delayed, accumulating economic benefits to consumers who buy the brand. Usually this takes the form of points that can be exchanged for gifts, free product, or aspirational rewards such as air miles. Airline frequent-flier programs have been a prototype for many of the schemes" (p.28).However, there is no consensus on the definition of loyalty exhibited by consumers (Jacoby and Chestnut, 1978; Dick and Basu, 1994; Oliver, 1999). While some claim that satisfaction is an indicator of loyalty, others debate this point. Reichheld (1994) points out that despite being "satisfied" or "very satisfied" many customers still defect. In the UK, Oglivy Loyalty Centre found out that 85 % of its automotive customers claimed to be satisfied but only 40 % made a repeat purchase, and 66 % of packaged goods customers who identified a favourite brand actually ended up buying "another brand" in the recent past (McKenzie, 1995). Gremler and Brown (1999) point out that Federal Express, Pizza Hut franchises, and Cadillac dealerships have been able to forecast the sales from loyal customers with more certainty. Research on loyalty programmes in the hospitality industry is limited. Oh's (2000), work in this field, highlights that the concept of customer value is crucial for the hospitality industry. His study explains how perception of value by customers impacts pre and post dining decisions. According to National

Scientific Misconduct Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scientific Misconduct - Essay Example Misconduct in the scientific research totally damages the good will of any research that has been. This has greatly ruined the scientific advancement and the professional success in the field of science and research. The wrong doers are prone to heavy penalties if found guilty and may be sanction and even serve jail term as the law indicates. The misconduct represents itself in many forms, (D’angelo p 86). These can be seen from the journals, scientific press and the many institutions accredited to the scientific research. There have been many paradigm theories and ways on how to investigate, who to investigate and the legal actions for anyone found guilty of the scientific misconduct. There has been cleavage as to who to determine this egregious fakery, duplication and even plagiarism the field of science. This paper reworks on the areas that can be useful in determination of the culprits. The political and cultural environment was the first to raise the red flag. The context here is that Americans have over time held the scientist, as people of high caliber, with vast knowledge that do offer solutions. Economically and socially they are valued as people of great importance, (D’angelo p 77). Any tempest in the field of scientific research would bring our economy on its knees. There has to be a lot of care and due diligence that needs to be put in place to main stability in this field. Integrity in the field of science must be upheld. The research has to give credible results that hold water at the end of the day. Failure to provide this vital component would lead as a total violation of the laid out procedures and this will be termed as scientific misconduct. This integrity issue has to be encouraged and motivated to give yields to the multinational credible research institutes, (D’angelo p 98). Congressional attention to have a detailed report in scientific

Do you think that Mr. Champlin should have consulted with the Navy Essay

Do you think that Mr. Champlin should have consulted with the Navy before spending his time and money on this project - Essay Example Navy irrespective of whether they were lost or considered abandoned in U.S., foreign or international waters. These guidelines are based on the US Constitutional and international maritime laws and the ownership is consistent with Articles 95 and 96 of the Laws of the Sea Convention. These articles delineate the terms of immunity of warships in international waters. Additionally, the statutes as they stand with regards to federal property dictate that all lost or presumed abandoned ships and aircrafts should not be disturbed or removed without a formal application and approval of said application before the property is moved. Operating under this tenet, the actions of Mr. Champlin proved to be in violation of the law. Essentially, he was ignorant of the law but this does not relive any responsibility for its compliance. I find it presumptuous of Mr. Champlin to ask for a refund when he blatantly violated several statutes with regards to presumably abandoned governmental property. I feel that Mr. Champlin should make it his business to be appraised with regards to the special rules of federal property especially in light of the fact that he intended to gain possession of it.

N&S Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

N&S Finance - Essay Example Quick ratio Quick ratio, just as current ratio, is a measure of the company’s liquidity level, only that Quick ratio excludes inventory. This ratio is significantly below the current ratio, which could be an indication that the company is maintaining a high level of inventory. In case the company’s inventory is not easily convertible into liquid cash, then its financial position is at crossroads because it may experience difficulties paying its short-term creditors. The management should also consider whether the company is experiencing sales difficulties because that could be the reason why its inventory level is quite high. If this is the case, strategies should be crafted to increase conversion of inventory into cash so the liquidity could get better. Nonetheless, the positive increase from 0.83 to 0.95 is remarkable and if this trend continues, the company will not have liquidity problems. Accounts receivable turnover This ratio also shows the company’s liqui dity level. It is a strong indicator of how the management has efficiently employed the accounts receivable. A ratio of 6.63 in 2009 is remarkably big, meaning that collection of accounts receivable and extension of credit to customers was operated efficiently. Alternatively, this may indicate that the company operated, chiefly, on cash basis. The drastic fall of the ratio in 2010 could send alarm signals to the management that something is wrong especially if this sale is not as a result of a shift from cash sales to credit sales. For instance, this could imply that the debtors are servicing their dues very slowly or even defaulting. Average Collection period Average collection period reflects the period that it takes for the company to receive its accounts receivables. The 53.03 days for 2009 is an ideal period because the company will be assured of conversion of its receivables into cash in less time and use the money to pay its bills. However, 214.38 days for 2010 is very high, and this means that the company may be headed for liquidity problems as a result of customers delaying or defaulting on their dues. This, in turn, will cause cash shortage and hence the company may not be able to meet its administrative and operating expenses. The management should revise its debt collection policies to avoid experiencing liquidity problems. Inventory turnover The inventory turnover for 2009 is 6.5 times, but this reduced to 3.96 times in 2010. This implies that the company’s sales have started moving slowly, which is discouraging because this will most likely affect the profits directly. This, however, could be a sign that the company is increasing its inventory. Decline in inventory turnover will result to cash shortage and hence this trend should be averted. Total asset turnover Total asset turnover indicates how the management has invested the assets to generate revenue. The higher the ratio the better because it shows that the assets are applied more eff iciently. Reduction of this ratio from 0.93 in 2009 to 0.71 in 2010 is a cause for alarm because it indicates that the company’s assets are used less effectively, to generating income. The management should seek ways of boosting sales to ensure this ratio is restored to an optimum level. Debt to total assets Debt to total assets shows the company’s financial leverage, by revealing the proportion of the total assets that are funded by debt. In 2009, 47.14% of the assets were financed by creditors

Do you think that Mr. Champlin should have consulted with the Navy Essay

Do you think that Mr. Champlin should have consulted with the Navy before spending his time and money on this project - Essay Example Navy irrespective of whether they were lost or considered abandoned in U.S., foreign or international waters. These guidelines are based on the US Constitutional and international maritime laws and the ownership is consistent with Articles 95 and 96 of the Laws of the Sea Convention. These articles delineate the terms of immunity of warships in international waters. Additionally, the statutes as they stand with regards to federal property dictate that all lost or presumed abandoned ships and aircrafts should not be disturbed or removed without a formal application and approval of said application before the property is moved. Operating under this tenet, the actions of Mr. Champlin proved to be in violation of the law. Essentially, he was ignorant of the law but this does not relive any responsibility for its compliance. I find it presumptuous of Mr. Champlin to ask for a refund when he blatantly violated several statutes with regards to presumably abandoned governmental property. I feel that Mr. Champlin should make it his business to be appraised with regards to the special rules of federal property especially in light of the fact that he intended to gain possession of it.

The Influence of Culture on Language Essay Example for Free

The Influence of Culture on Language Essay In this movies, I can find a lot of concepts that we have been studied in this four chapter. Although I mostly disagree the main idea of this movie, I think it is fight for survive and there are not clear justice, I admit it is a good movie to study intercultural communication. After watching this movie, I first think about the Identity. Identities are sets of social expectation related to ourselves and others that are grounded in the interplay between similarities and difference and pertain to personal, relational and communal aspects of lives. As you can see from the opening scene when the general hope the Lieutenant Jim to fight for human, even he make him to choose between his brother life or Mala. A role is something one puts on and takes off depending on the needs of the situation. In this situation, the general expected the Lieutenant Jim to fight for him but not for parliament, because he think Jim is a human and soldier, he could not fight for Terrian. It is a role expectation. I also find the communications relationship to identity in this movie and it is Ironically. When the soldiers find the Mala in their Ark, they first thought is she will destroy Ark, they should catch her as soon as possible. Such identity label always take this common idea that Mala is not human, she must in order to destroy to come the Ark. The communication naturally reflects her identities, also her identities will common reflect what she will doing. But ironically, who arrest human to capture the planet uncompromising is not Mala, but Lieutenant Jim, also a human. It is no doubt to find the movie is most to focus on personal identity. The movie highly praise the personal identity has special power to solve the conflicts between relational identity and communal identity. As a human, he has a communal identity. But he also has a relational identity that he is a friend of Mala. During the battle, he want to save his brother and also do not want to hurt Mala, at this time, he did another choice. At last, there a scene shows a big sculpture about Lieutenant Jim. Heroism most present a personal identity. In the movie, I find another conflict about the worldview. What is our relationship with the nature, mastery or adaptive. The general certainly stand for mastery the world. He want to capture the planet and change the world to another earth. Human is mostly like to mastery the world. We can find at the movie stated, it is because of absolute mastery the nature, we are ver-exploitation, destroy the nature and fight each other that lead to lose our world. But the parliament seems to change. It is more like Terrian to adaptive the world. They stand to share the world and lend into the environment. At this point, we can find another concept which we study in this for chapter is Similarities and Differences. So when we discuss the culture, we could not be overgeneralization. Back to the worldview, we find the Terrians world view is more in accordance with that current environmental protection organization advocated. At this view, I really love to adapt the world or not to master it. But at last, I mostly find that human is more like to make a big cage to close ourselves. I thought the author is rather extreme. At last, I think to study a intercultural communication in a movie is a meaningful and interesting. But maybe it is a little exaggeration, because the movie always take some authors personal value in it.

Evaluation of Balancing Circuits Used in Battery System

Evaluation of Balancing Circuits Used in Battery System CAREER EPISODE 2 2.1 INTRODUCTION My second career episode describes my project that is called Evaluation of balancing circuits used in battery system. This project was completed as a part of my minor thesis in the fulfilment of my masters degree program from Swinburne University of Technology, Australia in December 2016. I completed my masters degree in electrical and electronics engineering science. It was completed under the supervision of Prof. Weixing Shen, senior lecturer at the university. And was also supported by Prof. George Banky. 2.2 BACKGROUND Electric vehicle which operates on battery doesnt operate on a single battery as sufficient energy is not supplied through it. Thus, many batteries that are either connected in series or parallel are required for the generation of required voltage and current for the system to function. The difference in the cell voltage of the stack reduces the string capacity and hence a system is required that will be able to achieve and maintain the voltage and current that is required by the system along with considering the issue of reliability and performance. For this purpose, a BMS is used. Battery Management System (BMS), which can oversee the voltage and the current level and can also charge the battery. 2.3 The main aim and goal behind implementing this project was to design a 48V battery stack power system that consists of 12 lithium ion battery cells. The monitoring and supervision of each cell operation and voltage level and its charging status can be done with the help of LTC3300-1/LTC6803-2 bidirectional cell balancer along with the BMS system. It also considers the safety concern of the batteries that are used. And the other objective behind implementing this project was to understand LTC330-1/LTC6803-2 bidirectional cell balance kits performance along with checking its results based on QuikEval software and DC590B USB serial controller when connected to the computer. 2.4 The idea is to balance the voltage supply of the cells so that it provides constant battery voltage to the shelter of the electric vehicle. The overcharging of the battery results in voltage battery degradation and can have consequences like it may catch fire or explosion. Whereas undercharging of the cell or having voltage under the required level may affect the life of the cells. So, I have made use of lithium ion batteries which are then further connected to LTC3300-1/LTC6803-2 bidirectional cell balancer that would assist in achieving the required voltage level of the cell and it can also help in increasing the life of the cell or battery long with providing the supply voltage of EV. 2.5 The project was completed in a group of two. And I took the opportunity to become the team leader. I first involved with my supervisor in planning the topic and how to start working on the project. Based on that I prepared a flow chart in which all the major task was divided and assigned among team member along with a deadline so that the final project gets completed in time and there will be time for troubleshooting. After deciding the topic and assigning task, I made myself busy with researching and with literature review of the topic by referring various journal, books, and internet material. The later part was designing and implementing the hardware structure along with its software part for its functioning. I had to weekly report to the Professor about my project update and took feedback on my project which helped me improve a lot. Weekly meetings with the supervisor was either done through emails or small presentations. 2.6 PERSONAL ENGINEERING ACTIVITY I started my project with literature review on cell balancing where cell balancing is a process that involves adjusting the cell voltages to same level i.e. where the battery cells are not over charged or over discharged. Also, its internal parameters are the reason for its unbalance like its time of manufacturing, internal resistance etc. It also depends on some of the external resources like thermal difference between battery cells. The process of battery balancing in lithium ion batteries is an easy process due to its property of charge-discharge capability. It also provides increased life span and the right voltage for its application. After understanding the concepts that were going to be used in my project I started performing research on the components that could be used for my system. It took lot of survey and suggestions were taken from seniors and lecturer about it. and later I finalized the following hardware components that suited best for the project. 2.7 1. Lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries this battery was used due to its high-energy efficiency and has relatively longer battery cycle life which is an important feature for my system as the electric vehicle requires battery than can store more as well as can frequently recharge. Basically, there are two parameters that affect the overall performance of the battery. They are power and the battery diving range. 2. LTC3300-1/LTC6803-2 bidirectional cell balancer    for cell balancing and monitoring purpose I made use of two ICs that are functioning as bidirectional cell balancer. Active balancing principle is used by BMS. The two ICs are LTC3300-1, which can balance 6 cells whereas the LTC6803-2 microcontroller IC can support 12 cells when connected to each other in series connection. The function of LTC3300-1 is to equalize the SoC i.e. state of charge when the battery modules are connected in series manner. It can charge the battery stack faster and extent the runtime and enhancing the overall performance by cell balancing and charging. Moreover, this IC can balance 6 cells connected to each other in series when it functions as transformer based on bidirectional active balancing system that has synchronous fly back topology. Looking at the other IC i.e. LTC6803-2 is also a microcontroller IC that can support up-to 12 batteries connected in series connection. It uses different chemical ma terial than the other IC for monitoring the batteries. It gives more accurate results and low error rate, as low as 0.25% of total. It generally operates in three modes: measure, shutdown and standby. 3. DC590B USB serial controller it is a kind of controller that is specially designed using QuikEval software for display and demonstration of the results and for technologies involving linear family circuits. It is a controller that is based on USB. It is generally isolated or separate from the host computer. So therefore, no external or additional power supply is needed to drive the controller. 4. Power supply GPS18500 instrument is one of a kind device which is used in my system as for this project a DC power supply of +5V is required externally to drive the unit. This power supply has many different configurations that include variable voltage and fixed voltage. It has the feature of supplying 2 different power supply which can work and be used independently. In this device, a slot that gives out fixed supply of +5V DC is provided to the LTC3300-1 bidirectional PCB. 2.8 After having finalized the hardware components, they were implemented on the evaluation board. The diagram attached shows the circuit and hardware connection for this project. It can be observed that a DC2064A GUI evaluation board, 14 conductor ribbon cables, computer that has QuikEval software installed and USB/serial port cable along with DB590B USB series controller is been used and a power supply of +5V is supplied externally using the GPS18500 device discussed earlier. Various precaution and safety measure was considered while connecting all the different components to the evaluation board. This was done precisely and carefully as any wrong connection made, it can damage the whole circuitry and the cost of application will increase indirectly. The two ICs LTC3300-1 and LTC6803-2 are soldered or wired to the evaluation board DC2064A GUI along with the capacitors, MOSFET and transformers. The voltage level and the temperate can be monitored with this circuit board and has the capability to balance the cell voltage. This board also has a special feature of advance fault detector that helps to secure the performance of the board in case of any spark or short circuit. 3.7V and 2600mAH configured lithium ion battery is used in my system. Thus 6 batteries giving a output voltage of 22.8V when connected in series are used on the board as the board can withstand a maximum of 12 batteries for balancing. 2.9 After successful implementation of the hardware, testing and trouble shooting was performed. For that a QuikEval software was used to monitor the battery stack. To use the software, it had to be configured accordingly for both the microcontroller ICs that were used in the system. After proper implementation, the screen looked as below. From that it can be depicted that the when we press the button called START CONTINUES READ CELL, voltage level can be retained and measured from each battery connected in the battery stack. From performing the test run, I found the cell voltage for each cell was almost 3.7V. But if there is any minor change in the voltage level of any cell it can be equalized by transferring cell voltage manually for 5sec and charge the required cell by discharging other cells with high voltage to get an equilibrium stage. All the charging/discharging or any error situation status can be seen on the screen as that status will be highlighted. 2.10 The struggle in implementing this project was getting the expected outcome. It different the actual outcome. It took many efforts, there were issues like the hardware didnt receive any signals from the software. The problem was solved by reconnecting few hardware wires. Also, it required changing the voltage level of the components by choosing higher level components. After the final configuration, the hardware received the signal and the voltage level of each cells were determined. The later challenge was the important task and the main idea of our project i.e. cell balancing by voltage levels. The output was taken and written down at each time for charging/discharging function and the experiment was carried out until the satisfied result was attained. There were times when I didnt get the desired result even after performing the experiment several times. During this phase, my faculty members and supervisors helped me a lot and gave me steps or hints on how I can solve the error. 2.11 SUMMARY To conclude, my project used 3.7V lithium ion battery that has 2600mAH of capacity for active cell balancing technique while making use of two microcontroller ICs configured on evaluation board. The transfer of charging from one cell to another is done using the six lithium ion batteries that are connected in series on the evaluation board. Along with that the software QuikEval was used to trace the output. The project has an open window in terms for expansion for future project work based on this system. This project can be used for self-controlling function to detect faulty or imbalance situation in the system along with capability for temperature measurement unit. Though I could only achieve partial results from my experiment as it varied from expected outcome. But this experiment helped me in many other ways. It taught me to handle complex circuits and outcomes, though I didnt partially achieve what I expected from this but it gave me the strength and knowledge on how to overcome such situations. It was a new learning experience by working in groups and team mates. It involved managing different views and coming to one conclusion before implementing the idea. Also, I had the opportunity to apply my previous engineering knowledge into this project.

Comparing the Rights of the Individual in Handmaids Tale and Invisible Man :: comparison compare contrast essays

Rights of the Individual in Handmaid's Tale  and Invisible Man    The Handmaid's Tale, by Margaret Atwood, and Invisible Man, by Ralph Ellison, are two novels which use an essentially "invisible" central character to comment on the manipulative power society holds over people, destroying the individual. Offred, the protagonist of The Handmaid's Tale, and the narrator of Invisible Man are both invisible as individuals and are manipulated by society to become a dehumanized natural resource. The authors of these two works use the protagonist to criticize society's use of certain groups of people only as resources to reach a goal, ignoring the individuality of these people. The very names, or lack thereof, of the main characters indicate their invisibility in the eyes of society. Offred is named after her commander; she is Fred's possession and therefore of Fred. Her original name is never mentioned. Likewise, the name of the narrator of Invisible Man is never mentioned. When he joins the Brotherhood, he is given a new name. Both Offred and the narrator of Invisible Man see their real names as a source of self-identification, yet society refuses to use their real names. Offred is a natural resource to Gilead because she is one of few women who still have viable ovaries. She describes the existence of the handmaids: "We are two-legged wombs, that's all: sacred vessels, ambulatory chalices. We are containers, it's only the insides of our bodies that are important. What we prayed for was emptiness, so we would be worthy to be filled: with grace, with love, with self-denial, with semen and babies." (pg. 176, 124, 251) The narrator of Invisible Man is a resource is a similar way. The Brotherhood uses him as a speaker to advance their efforts to take power over the blacks. He says"What was 1, a man or a natural resource?" (pg. 303) Offred is seen not as an individual, but as one of a group of women who must serve the Republic of Gilead. When Offred asks the Commander for skin lotion, she says, "Our hands get very dry. For some reason I said our instead of my." (pg. 203) Here she sees herself as one of many handmaids, as she was taught to see at the Red Center. The narrator of Invisible Man, like Offred, finds himself identifying with a group and not with himself. He says, "they usually think in terms of "we" while I have always tended to think in terms of "me.

Drug Use in the 1960s Essay -- Essays Papers

Drug Use in the 1960s The time: the 1960s. The place: United States of America. Who? The youth. Doing what? Using drugs. Why? Many reasons. The 1960s proved to be a very turbulent time in the history of American youth growing up. There were many different activist movements all over the country. The primary drug user was the male college student involved in politics. He used mostly marijuana, some cocaine or LSD and of course alcohol. The sixites culminated with perhaps the biggest public scene of drug use ever: Woodstock. American youth in the sixties turned to drugs for a variety of reasons including the Vietnam War, the feeling of rebellion, activist movements, and the general pleasure-oriented society. The society in which these rebellious youth were growing up was one of the pleasure seekers. Dr. Donald B. Louria says "American public is literally enmeshed in an orgy of self-medication."1 Society was pleasure-oriented: the only things that mattered were those that appealed to the senses. When a pleasure-oriented society has too much leisure time, it leads to moral destruction. Simmel, a sociologist, stated "The deepest problems of modern life derive from the claim of the individual to preserve the autonomy and individuality of his existence in the face of overwhelming social forces."2 There were many issues raised in the sixties as far as activist movements. Kierna Mayo Dawsey states that the sixties was an "era marked by social protest and rebellion."3 These include racial justice, abortion, civil rights, women’s liberation, and the United States’ military role in Vietnam. These groups were trying to express "their commitment to such traditional American values as freedom, democracy, and equality."4 Bret Eynon st... ... 11. See Fort, 211. 12. See Fort, 220. 13. See Novack. 14. See Novack. 15. See Dawsey. 16. See Fort, 25. 17. See Fort, 157. 18. Harry Nelson, "LSD Still on Some Minds," Los Angeles Times, 25 March 1991, B3. 19. See Fort, 36. 20. See Fort, 36. 21. See Nelson, B3. 22. Lawrence J. Dessner, " ‘Woodstock,’ A Nation at War," (Toledo, Ohio: Toledo University), 769. 23. See Dessner, 771. 24. See Dessner, 776. Mary C. Dufour, "Twenty-five Years of Alcohol Epidemiology: Trends, Techniques, and Transitions," Alcohol Research and Health Spring 1995: 77-84. David C. Lewis, "Putting Training About Alcohol and Other Drugs Into the Mainstream of Medical Education," Alcohol Research and Health 1989: 8+. Brent Q. Hafen ed, Drug Abuse: Psychology, Sociology, Pharmacology. (Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1973).